How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is a normal child's issue, but it can also affect adults. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can help improve the quality of life of a person.
An evaluation for ADHD could involve a conversation with the patient and their family members. The specialist may examine old school records in order to determine whether symptoms began as an infant.
Symptoms
ADHD is a condition that impacts school, work as well as home life. Everyone experiences difficulty in concentrating and staying organized from time to time. To be considered to have the disorder, someone must show signs of major impairment in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly affect everyday functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about their symptoms, and also about any medical concerns and family history. They can also use rating systems to gauge symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based off of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and an impulsive nature.
Adults may be asked to talk to their significant other or someone who knows them well. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty, but rather to gain insight into their behavior that can't be obtained from the answers to a questionnaire. They could inquire about their childhood behaviors and consult the old school records to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis the doctor will perform an extensive physical examination and run lab tests to rule other ailments, such as thyroid problems or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also go over the patient's medications. Certain medications for depression high blood pressure, depression and other ailments may be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when recommending treatment options. This is why it's essential for adults to speak to their primary care providers if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two different settings (such as home, school, and work) and affect the functioning of the individual. They should also have been diagnosed at the age of 12 and the impairment must not be due to another disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional uses different tools to assess the patient, such as ADHD symptom lists as well as standardized scales of behaviour and a thorough medical history. They may interview friends and family members to find out how the patient's symptoms have affected them. They will ask whether the symptoms are similar to other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions.
The evaluators will decide if the symptoms are severe or mild. They will also examine the person's medical history and family history to make sure there is no underlying cause of their problems like thyroid disorders, head injuries or medication.
In certain instances an evaluator might decide to perform cognitive testing or request an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, such as mood disorders, learning disabilities personality disorders, and alcohol abuse. People who suffer from these issues typically present differently than those who do not suffer from them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD might be interested in participating in a clinical study to try out new treatments. This is an excellent opportunity to further research. However, participants should be aware that the main goal of these studies is scientific knowledge and not necessarily the guarantee of treatment. For more information on clinical trials, visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect that you may have ADHD seek out a specialist who is qualified to diagnose the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider for confirmation if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also ask family doctors or other health professionals for referrals. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will ask the patient or their parents in the case of children - about their issues. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and ask others in the person's life for details, such as their spouses and families. Personal insights can provide more information than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over documents from the past, and especially old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history, and in order to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must be present from childhood (technically prior to age 12).
A physical exam is also typically performed. It is a way to identify any other medical problems that could be causing the symptoms, such as thyroid problems or seizure disorders. The expert will often conduct a neurological examination, that checks for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that measure the ability to think and be smart could also be used. A person may be required to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This can help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive, or an impulsive. The specialist will then decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Treatment plans typically consist of therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping techniques and change unhelpful thinking patterns. The therapy can be conducted by the primary care physician or a mental health professional who has a specialization in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD improve their condition by taking medication, but it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or a combination can be beneficial for children, teens and adults. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to live with the symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education on ADHD and how to manage it, could be included. They can also include teachers, family members and professionals.
It is essential to find an expert in mental health or health care provider with experience treating ADHD. You can request recommendations from other people with ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or do an online search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health professional will ask you or your child about the symptoms and problems that are caused by ADHD. They will conduct physical examinations and check for any other health issues that may trigger similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of you or your child and also school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your doctor may interview you or your children about their symptoms and ask other people who spend lots of time with them fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine and nonstimulants like atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD have co-occurring disorders like anxiety or depression. This is why treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills like time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthy diet is essential too. People suffering from ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar, and less fruits and vegetables. Making social and family relationships a priority can reduce stress and make individuals feel more in charge of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to recognize their issues. For instance, a child suffering from ADHD might have difficulty communicating his or her demands to peers and teachers however, once a teacher understands that it's not personal or due to a lack of motivation, accommodations can be made.
A professional who is evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are geared to the individual's age, talk to family members and teachers, look over medical records, and look for any comorbid conditions. If adhd diagnosis adult uk started before age school records could be useful for adults.
The specialist will also check for any vision or hearing problems. They might also conduct an examination of the blood to check for certain hormones, and other health conditions that can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.